ABOUT

Peninha, part of the Sintra mountain range, stands 500 metres above sea level, marking the highest point before the Atlantic Ocean. Its unique geography and weather conditions, shaped by moisture-laden winds, make it a critical conservation site for endemic plants and butterflies. Peninha’s cultural history includes a 12th-century hermitage, adding to the site's significance.

Cascais Ambiente manages the 60-hectare area as part of the Sintra-Cascais Nature Park and UNESCO World Heritage landscape. The mountain’s proximity to the sea creates a blend of Mediterranean and Atlantic flora, with the Pyrenean oak and Portuguese gorse being key species in the region.

THE PROBLEM

However, wildfires, exacerbated by the abandonment of traditional grazing practices in the 1960s, have degraded the landscape. Frequent fires destroy native vegetation, erode topsoil, and allow invasive species to thrive.

THE SOLUTION

The ecological restoration plan aims to restore the broadleaf oak forest by reintroducing grazing animals such as Garranos horses and Maronesa cows to reduce wildfire risks. These herbivores also aid in seed dispersal and habitat restoration. The plan also includes monitoring wildlife, such as peregrine falcons, Bonelli eagles, and the Marsh Fritillary butterfly, which are indicators of the site’s ecological health.

A €250,000 investment is needed over the next three years for fencing, planting new trees, and managing invasive species. With careful management, Peninha will become more resilient to wildfires, promoting native species recovery and protecting its rich biodiversity.